書記タスクにおけるレミニッセンス現象--想起と書記遂行のレミニッセンス
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概要
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This experiment was designed to investigate the reminiscence in recall and in printing performance simultaneously, and to test both the inhibition theory and the consolidation theory. It was expected from the previous works that reminiscence in recall would occur with about 2min. rest, while reminiscence in printing performance would increase rapidly till 5min. rest. According to the inhibition theory, the amount of reminiscence will negatively correlate with the amount of improvement of perfomance during practice, while according to the consolidation theory, inserted task during the rest period will have interference effect on the following performance.8 gruops of Ss practiced the copying in print hand of 10 Chinese-like nonsense characters in 20sec. for 15 trials without rest (MP), and one group paracticed the same task with 20 sec. intertrial intervals (DP). Then, following 15 sec., 2, 5, or 8min. rest period, 8 MP groups received either a free recall test (2min.) or 5 retrials under MP condition. The DP group took 2min. rest received the free recall test. All groups except 2 groups with 8min. rest, received either 5 retrials (after recall test) or recall test (after retrials) after 8min. from the end of 15th practice trial. 4 groups which were given retrials as the second task and the 8min. retrial group were given the 2 nd recall test after 1min. from the end of 20th trial. (Table 1)The number of printed letters on each trial and the number of recalled letters within 2min, were recorded.As for the printing performance during 15 trials, 8 MP groups performed equally well and their performance was inferior to the DP group (Fig. 1). As to the 1st recall, 2min, rest group performed the best in terms of the numbers of correct recall and errors (Fig. 2). On the other hand, reminiscence in printing performance, indicated by the difference of performance between 15th trial and 16th trial, was the same regardless of the length of rest (Table 2). Reminiscence of the DP group was smaller than MP groups. And there was no difference of performance during post-rest retrials.Amount of reminiscence of printing performance correlated negatively with the amount of improvement of performance during practice in all groups except 2min. rest group (Fig. 5).Inserted task during the rest-recall or retrials-had effect on errors, i.e., although recall test had no effect on printing performance, recall test after 15sec. rest and retrials after 2min. rest interfered with the decrease of errors during retrials; In fact, 2 groups under these conditions showed more, errors than the other groups (Fig. 3, 4).From our results, it appears that the inhibition theory is necessary to explain the reminiscence in printing performance and that the consolidation theory is useful for explaining the interference effect of the inserted task on recall.