The catalytic cracking of slack wax with molten mixtures containing aluminum chloride and bromide.

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The catalytic cracking of slack wax with molten mixtures of AlCl3 and AlBr3 was investigated in an atmospheric semi-batch reactor at low temperatures of 100–160 °C. The cracking rate was proportional to the amount of unreacted wax. The conversion at 135 °C reached 25 wt% under typical reaction conditions. About 95 wt% of the cracking products consisted of isobutane, 2-methylbutane, and methylpentanes, ca. 50% of these isoparaffins being isobutane. The difference in cracking activity between this catalyst and a solid acid catalyst is discussed based on the product distribution. Hardly any reaction took place without HCl, which shows that the presence of HCl is essential for this cracking. The cracking rate increased sharply with an increase in the amount of the catalyst. The rate did not depend on the composition of the AlCl3–AlBr3 catalyst, but the product distribution did depend on it and the content of the gasoline fraction in the products increased with an increase in the concentration of AlBr3. The cracking residue was characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The results show that the cracking reaction probably occurs heterogeneously at the interface between the liquid wax and the molten catalyst.
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