Minima in the solubilities of normal alkane derivatives with a polar group in water.
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The change in the solubility in water with the temperature was measured for alkanols, alkylamines, and alkanoic acids. It has been found that a minimum exists commonly on the solubility-temperature curve. This minimum dissolution point, P<SUB>m</SUB>, may be regarded as a characteristic point with respect to the solute. The change in the solubility with the temperature has been explained in terms of the increase in the partial molar enthalpy of the solute in solution with an increase in the temperature, which results from the breakdown of the ice-like structure of water formed around the nonpolar alkyl group. Both the concentration, <I>x</I><SUB>m</SUB>, and temperature, <I>T</I><SUB>m</SUB>, at point P<SUB>m</SUB> decrease with an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group, <I>m</I>. The decrease in In <I>x</I><SUB>m</SUB> by the addition of one methylene group is steeper in the order of alkanoic acids, alkylamines, and alkanols, while the corresponding decrease in <I>T</I><SUB>m</SUB> shows the reverse order. In addition, <I>T</I><SUB>m</SUB> is related to the cohesive energy of the solute in the pure state.
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関連論文
- The solubility curves of water in normal alkane derivatives with a polar group.
- Minima in the solubilities of normal alkane derivatives with a polar group in water.