Variable factors of total daily energy expenditure in humans

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概要

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• Even a small daily positive energy balance leads to weight gain over a period of a few years. Understanding changes in the energy balance is important for preventing obesity. The purpose of this review is to discuss the variable factors involved in total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in humans. TDEE comprises the resting metabolic rate (RMR), diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE). RMR comprises the largest component (~60%) of TDEE. DIT accounts for approximately 10% of TDEE, and PAEE approximately 30%. A large part of the variation in RMR can be explained by body composition and body size. The primary determinant of DIT is meal size and composition. Body size and aging are also potential factors of variability in DIT. PAEE can be further categorized into exercise-induced energy expenditure (EXEE) and non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT). EXEE mainly depends on body size, and exercise intensity and duration. In addition, excess post-exercise oxygen consumption following exercise is thought to have a significant impact on total EXEE. Based on a review of published studies, however, it is clear that in most individuals, EXEE is not a large contributor to TDEE. On the other hand, NEAT has the greatest impact on variation in TDEE, which varies by up to 2000 kcal per day between people of similar body size. In summary, there are several factors involved in the contribution of each component of TDEE. Although each factor contributes to small changes in TDEE, the sum of these influences may induce a large energy imbalance.

• The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicineの論文

著者

• Ohkawara Kazunori

  Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communications

• Hikihara Yuki

  Department of Nutritional Science, National Institute of Health and Nutrition

• Matsuo Tomoaki

  Flight Crew Operations and Technology Department, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

• Melanson Edward

  Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes/Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus

• Hibi Masanobu

  Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation

関連論文

• Variable factors of total daily energy expenditure in humans
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• Efficiency of a Free-Living Physical Activity Promotion Program Following Diet Modification for Fat Loss in Japanese Obese Men
• Human calorimetry : Energy expenditure and substrate utilization measurements using a respiratory chamber

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