副腎皮質及び髄質の微細構造と生体反応時におけるその相関
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概要
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Ultrastructural investigation on the correlation between adrenal cortex and medulla was made in Donryu male rats weighing approximately 170 gm.<BR>Experimental rats were divided into 9 groups, i.e. control (non-treatment), ACTH (1 I.U./rat), histamine (5 mg./kg.), morphine (20 mg./kg.), adrenaline (500 μg./kg.), hypophysectomy, hypophysectomy + ACTH, hypophysectomy+ histamine and hypophysectomy-morphine group. Hypophysectomy was performed 24 hours before injection of above mentioned drugs. All animals were killed at 30 minutes after injection of drugs.<BR>Histamine, adrenaline an morphine showed similar effect of ACTH to adrenal cortical cells (zona fasciculata), i.e. increase in number and in size of mitochondria, increase in number of smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and decrease in number of lipid granules. It is of interest to find the formation of multilamination and smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum like structure from vesicles in mitochondria of adrenal cortical cells in normal and experimental rats. These morphological changes suggest that these morpho-logical features are closely related to steroidogenesis. ACTH, adrenaline and histamine also demonstrated hyperfunctional figures of medullary cells, i.e. increase in number of immature catecholamines granules (irregular ovoid shape or ring form with high electron density) and of small vesicles and dilated rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum associated with loss of ribosomes. Low electron density of mitochondrial matrix and well developed Golgi apparatus were observed. Morphine did not show any remarkable changes in adrenal medullary cells as compared with the control.<BR>Hypofunctional morphological changes of adrenal cortical cells, i.e. irregular shaped mitochondria associated with vacuolar degeneration and narrow smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum were seen in hypophysectomized rats. Irregular shaped mitochondria with disappearance of crista and narrow rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum were observed in medullary cells of hypophysectomized rat. Catecholamines granules were mostly of the mature type. After injection of ACTH to hypophysectomized rat, both adrenal cortical and medullary cells were similar to those of the control. In hypophysectomized rat, adrenal cortica cells did not recover to normal structure by histamine and morphine. On the other hand, adrenal medullary cells were stimulated by histamine and not stimulated by morphine.<BR>These results suggest that both adrenal cortical and medullary cells are controlled by the pituitary gland (ACTH), although the acting mechanism of ACTH upon adrenal medulla remains obscure.
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