Epidemiology of Bovine Brucellosis by a Combination of Rose Bengal Test and Indirect ELISA in the Five Districts of Uganda

概要

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A serological survey on bovine brucellosis was carried out 3 times between 2007 and 2009 in 3 districts (Kiboga, Mpigi and Kiruhura) in the western Uganda and 2 (Kumi and Mbale) in the east employing the rose bengal test (RBT) as infected-herd screening and an indirect ELISA (iELISA) for testing sero-status of individual animals. The animal prevalence was significantly higher in the 3 districts of the west (mean 21.5% in 2009) compared with the 2 districts (mean 3.4% in 2008) in the east (P<0.0001) though a significant difference was not observed between Kumi and Mpigi in 2008. In the west it was the lowest in Mpigi but a significant increase was observed between 2008 (5.3%) and 2009 (30.0%) as in Kiruhura from 8.1% in 2007 to 16.8% in 2009. The similar trend was also observed in Kumi, namely, the seropositivity significantly increased from 2.3% in 2007 to 6.2% in 2008 and became remarkably higher than in Mbale (0.64%). As a result the farm prevalence was also higher in the west, especially in Kiboga in 2007 (77.8%) and 2008 (65.6%), and Mpigi in 2009 (70.8%). The linear predictor of the fitted generalized linear model proved that the logit of RBT positivity increased linearly over the increase of percent positivity values. The study demonstrated an example of unaided self-help survey as one of the control measures in Uganda.