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The central nervous system (CNS) has a three-dimensional (3D) outline, and changes its appearance dramatically during pregnancy. Although the three-dimensional assessment of the CNS is commonly performed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) in postnatal life, the fetal CNS has still been evaluated using axial images through the maternal abdominal wall. The practical application of the transvaginal approach for the sonographic assessment of fetal brain structures was introduced at the beginning of the 1990s. Transvaginal observation of the fetal brain can produce sagittal and coronal views of the brain from the fetal parietal direction, and sonographic images through the fontanelles or cranial suture, provide detailed structure. This method has contributed to the establishment of a new field of neurosonography. Recent advanced 3D ultrasound scanning has remarkably improved not only surface rendering, but also the multiplanar analysis of internal structure and 3D angiography. A combination of both 3D ultrasound and the transvaginal approach to the fetal brain produces images of brain morphology and circulation in multiple sections from any direction. Automatic scans require only a few seconds for data acquisition from the whole brain without having to shift the transducer. This new method provides us with intelligible information about the fetal brain, despite the short scan time required. Furthermore, saving and loading of the volume data sets are easy, and the ability to perform off-line analysis allows for a more objective and accurate diagnosis.
日本脳神経超音波学会の論文

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