性役割態度と影響方略からみたリ-ダ-シップ行動の性差の研究〔英文〕
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概要
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Sex differences in leader behavior were examined in terms of the sex role expectations through two experiments. The types of social power, leadership style in the PM theory, and influence tactics adopted by the leader were indices of leader behaviors. The independent variables were sex role attitudes of the leader and the masculinityfemininity of the task. The four types of opposite-sex pairs were created based on subject's sex role expectations: both traditional, traditional male and non-traditional female, non-traditional male and traditional female, and both non-traditional. Each pair took the role to give directions to the third person who had to perform an assigned task. It was hypothesized the ways that male and female leaders play leader behaviors would be compatible with their sex role expectations, i. e., female leaders would adopt indirect and relation-oriented behavior and male leaders would do direct and task-oriented one. The following results were obtained. (1) Both males and females indicated their high influencing intent when the task was expected to be suitable to their sex. (2) Especially, males tends to change leadership style following the masculinity-femininity of the tasks. (3) Differences in the sex role attitudes were found in direct tactic use reported by the leader, but not in results from behavioral observations. (4) Female avoided to be recognized as a leader and voluntarily served tea during breaks, however, they practiced direct and task-oriented leadership more than male counterparts in performing their tasks. The importance of masculinityfemininity of task and its relation to female leaders' task-oriented behaviors were discussed.
- 日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会の論文