STANDARD OIL CO. (NEW JERSEY) IN THE UNITED KINGDOM AFTER WORLD WAR II
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概要
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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the characteristics of business activities of Standard Oil Co. (New Jersey) -the present name is Exxon Corp.-in the United Kingdom from right after World War II through the late 1950's.<BR>The main characteristics were as follows : <BR>(1) The Company was able to make most products with its new refinery in the U.K.. At the first the Company hesitated to build and operate the refinery because of some problems, especially uncertainty as to use of fereign exchange for remitting profits to the U.S.A. and other payments. But it had no choice but to do that in order to keep its position in the British market.<BR>(2) The Company strenghened control over the retail market of gasoline, a main item among petroleum products, chiefly by extending network of exclusive outlets. But the primary motive to bring the network into its marketing channel did not directly come from marketing itself, but from refining. The Company needed enough and reliable outlets which helped to make operation of the refinery high level.<BR>(3) The Company's local rifining depended on its operations (producing and purchasing crude petroleum) in the Middle East. But on the other hand the operation in the U.K. influenced them in the Middle East. Under the dollar shortage in the U.K., the Company could hardly use crude petroleum produced by Aramco for the refining because of its so-called dollar oil. The Aramco crude development program had already been reduced in the late 1940's.
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