縄文人の自然環境に対する適応の諸相(クライマチック オプチマム特集号)
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概要
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Adaptation of Jomon people in the Japanese islands attained a certain level in the course of history between the stage 3 and 4 of Jomon Age which is divided into six stages.Cultural areas at that time can be divided into eight groups (see Fig. 1). These were I) Hokuto cultural area in the subarctic needle-leaf forest of eastern Hokkaido, II) Ento cultural area in the cool-temperate deciduous forest of southwestern Hokkaido and northern Tohoku, III) Daigi cultural area in the warm-temperate deciduous forest along the rias coast of southern Tohoku, IV) Ukishima-Otama cultural area in the evergreen broad-leaved forest of eastern Kanto where the coastal line was extensively elongated by the Jomon transgression, V) Umataka-Chojagahara cultural area in the warm-temperate deciduous forest on the Japan Sea slope where the winter snow is thickest in Honshu, VI) Katsusaka cultual area in the warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous forest on the Pacific slope, VII) Funamoto cultural area in the evergreen broad-leaved forest of western Japan and VIII) Sobata-Ataka cultural area in the evergreen broad-leaved forest of western Kyushu.Due to the adaptation to such natural environments these eight cultural areas showed great regional varieties. Locating in the northern side of the Blakiston line, Hokkaido had particularly different cultures. Differnt kinds of bears lived there and no wild pig was found. Accoridingly stone arrow-head showed larger percentage than stone spear-head increasingly in the north. Also the fishing cultures were different in Hokkaido where the cold ocean currents were dominant.In Honshu along which the warm ocean current were prevailing, Daigi cultural area was a center for fishery in ocean (fish-fook and harpoon for Chrysophrys major, Thunnus thynnus, Katsuwonus pelamis etc.) and Ukishima-Otamadai culural area was a center for fishery in bay (netsinker and bone fish-spear for Lateolabrax japonicus, Mylio macrocephalus etc.). Incipient agricultre is often discussed for the Katsusakac ultural area.Also wild nuts had regional differenciation. Nuts of Lepidobalanus were found from the cultures I)-VI), while those of Cyclobalanopsis and Passania were for the cultures IV)-VIII). Aesculus trubinata were common to II)-VI). Distribution of stone querns etc. had certain relationships with these nuts.The adaptation patterns, however, were quite complicated and it will take long time to reconstruct the whole adaptation systems. Cooperation with the related sciences is strongly needed.
- 日本第四紀学会の論文