ヨーロッパ連合構想と「新しいヤルタ」 : 七〇年代以降の「自立的ヨーロッパ」摸索の中の冷戦終焉ビジョン
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概要
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The purpose of this paper is to examine European Union projects in the early 1970s and to examine how the End of Cold War was considered in this project. In this period, the European Community (EC) would enlarge its member states for the first time, try to deepen internal policies and also Conference for pan-European security (that is formed afterwards as CSCE) began. The author tries to reexamine the relations between Cold War and European integration, having an attention to the European Union project concerns both European political integration and European international order.In December 1969, EC countries agreed the political cooperation concerning foreign policies (known as later EPC) at Hague summit. EPC mechanism developed as the arena in which EC countries discussed about the CSCE and whether EC would/should participate in the CSCE negotiation. But in EC Commission, Commissioner Borschette and Spinelli discussed how Political Union could realize from the development of EPC. This Political Union concept conceived as ‘finalité’ (final aims or final form) of European Integration, considering the evolution of economic integration like agriculture and especially the start of monetary integration.In 1971, French President Pompidou launched his plan for the reactivation of European Integration entitled ‘European Confederation’. In this plan, member states would select ‘European State Secretary’ and these Ministers would hold regular meetings and finally this organization would develop ‘European Government’, transferring gradually governments competences to this Ministers institution. On the other hand, EC Commission discussed the acquirement of the role of EC in the field of world politics. Pompidous concept and that of Commission was opposing each other, but both agreed that EC would be changed after the enlargement of member states and development of EPC. This plan manifested as ‘European Union’ in the communiqué of Paris Summit in the 1972.Realizing of Détente within the framework of CSCE, development of EPC, and acquirement of the role of EC in the world politics connected each other. That is, EC tried to improvement of the relations with Eastern Bloc within the framework of CSCE, and looked for the political integration by deepening EPC mechanism, which would develop at the CSCE negotiation. When these two aims would realize EC would be ‘independent Europe’ as an actor of world politics, so EC sought the redefinition of the relationship with the USA. Especially Spinelli argued that when the entity of Europe restored by establishing new European order which would cover Pan-Europe by CSCE and which would be supported by ‘Political Union’ at the its western side, Europe would step into the “New Yalta” era.Political Union Project, which appeared as ‘European Union’ in the Paris Summit communiqué, was not the project of merely internal community institution, but the project which designated the structural transformation of cold war as prerequisite.