コレラ菌とエルトール菌とのアルデヒド産生能の相違による鑑別
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概要
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Cholera vibrios form red colonies on Aronson's medium, while El Tor vibrios form pink colonies. It was presumed that this difference might be derived from a difference in the ability to produce aldehyde. To verify this presumption, experiments were carried out in 1% peptone water [which had been prepared from polypeptone (Daigo) and trypticase (BBL); Bactopeptone was found not suitable for this purpose] with glucose, levulose, mannose, maltose, and sucrose at different concentrations and various pH values.The following steps were taken to detect aldehyde. The sugar medium was dispensed into small test tubes in 2ml amounts and sterilized. The organism to be tested was cultured in sugar media at 35°C for 18∼20 hours and then one drop of Schiff's reagent was added. As a result, the cholera vibrios presented a red color. The El Tor vibrios exhibited colorless or pink, but some variant of them (which had formed red colonies on Aronson's medium) gave the same red color as the cholera vibrios. Even in this case, the cholera vibrios could be differentiated from such variant of the El Tor vibrio when cultured in a medium at a sugar concentration of 0.05% and a pH value of about 6.8. Of the sugar used, levulose and mannose showed the best results.Newly isolated strains of cholera vibrios always gave constant results. Some of the old laboratory strains of these organisms appeared to possess an indistinct ability to produce aldehyde and gave inconsistent results. On the other hand, some of the strains of El Tor vibrios turned out to be variants showing a strong ability to produce aldehyde during laboratory storage.Only one strain gave a positive reaction from among 678 strains of El Tor vibrios isolated in the South East Asia.Of the 6 Middle East strains (old strains) of El Tor vibrios, three gave negative reaction, one a negative reaction in levulose and mannose medium, and another a negative reaction in medium containing 0.2∼0.4% sucrose at pH 8.4.
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