ゴム病 (紅玉果実の貯蔵生理障害発生に対するカルシウム散布の影響-1,2-)
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概要
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It has been proposed that use of Bordeaux mixture for disease control in Japanese apple orchards be discontinued in order to reduce labor costs. However, it was found that, without Bordeaux mixture, Jonathan apples were severely affected with several kinds of physiological disorders such as Jonathan breakdown and Jonathan spot. A preliminary experiment in 1965 showed that calcium element of Bordeaux mixture had the effect on control of these disorders. In the 1966 and 1967 growing seasons, experiment were made in commercial orchards (M, S and T) and our research station′s orchard (J) to confirm these results. In this paper, the effect of calcium chemicals applied as CaCl2, lime water (Ca component of Bordeaux mixture), or Ca(NO3)2 on the occurrence of Jonathan breakdown was examined.Each calcium chemical was sprayed to whole trees with a gun sprayer in July and August or in September. Details of treatments were shown in Table 1.Two kinds of flesh browning disorders were found during this experiment on Jonathan fruits; Jonathan breakdown (Fig. 1) and an unknown flesh browning disorder (Fig. 2). Neither disorder was typical of low temperature breakdown.The incidence of Jonathan breakdown was reduced by all calcium sprays. However, the effect of lime water varried among orchards more than that of CaCl2 (Table 2). In common storage, breakdown increased rapidly until January. The disorder occurred slowly during this time in fruits treated with any of the calcium sprays, but after January, it occurred at the same rate in all treatments (Fig. 3).The incidence of the unknown flesh browning disorder was not reduced by calcium sprays applied in July and August, but was reduced by the CaCl2 sprays in September (Table 4).Sprays of calcium chemicals, including lime water, increased the calcium content of the peel and flesh of mature fruits (Table 5). Fruits affected with Jonathan breakdown were significantly lower in calcium than normal fruits. Phosphorus, potassium and magnesium tended to accumulate in the flesh of affected fruits (Table 6).
- 園芸学会の論文