Chromosome relationships among the Chrysanthemum fruticulosum complex
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Chromosomes of the Chrysanthemum fruticulosum complex were studied in the materials collected in Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan Provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the Peoples Republic of China (China), Hovd Province, Mongolia and Tuvinskaya, Russian Federation were studied: The plants in the central part of China studied had tetraploids (2n=36), while those in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, Mongolia and Russia studied had hexaploids (2n=54). These chromosome numbers of the diploid C. nematolobum, 2n=18, the tetraploid C. fruticulosum 2n=36, and the hexaploid C. fruticulosum, 2n=54 and the diploid Artemisia obtusiloba 2n=18, were reported here for the first time. The plants of C. nematolobum Hand.- Maazz. studied morphologically quite resembled to C. fruticulosum (Ledeb.) Ohashi et Yonekura grown in Qinghai and Gansu Provinces, China showed all diploid (2n=18). In contrast, C. nematolobum var. longilobum Ling with extremely long and narrow leaf lobe was sometimes occurred in the C. fruticulosum populations in Gansu Province, China. Chrysanthemum nematolobum is speculated to be the most primitive origin of C. fruticulosum and developed to the tetraploid C. fruticulosum in the area of Qinghai and Gansu Provinces, China and would be expanded their distribution to Shaanxi Province, China and to Republic of Kazakhstan. The hexaploid population of C. fruticulosum might meet Artemisia obtusiloba around Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China reached up to north to Hovd Province, Mongolia to developed to the hexaploid to reach to Tuvinskaya, Russia. The hexaploid C. fruticulosa was sympatric with Artemisia obtusiloba in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the Peoples Republic of China, and expanded the population up to Hovd, Mongolia and Tuvinskaya, Russia. They might have highly gene flow by introgressive hybridization because their vegetative organs and flowers were quite similar to each other. The karyotypes of Chrysanthemum nematolobum was 2n=18 (diploid)=12m (or sm)+1m (or sm)sat+1smsat+4st, while that of the tetraploid C. fruticulosum 2n=36=3m (or sm)sat+25m (or sm)+8st and that of hexaploid C. fruticulosum was 2n=54=36m (or sm)+16sm (or m or st)+2st (or sm). The karyotype of Artemisia obtusiloba was 2n=18=14m (or sm)+4stsat.
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