感染症サーベイランスシステムにおける定点医療機関の特性とその精度と効率に関する研究
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概要
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The surveillance of infectious diseases is currently carried out in Japan by a monitoring system, in which there are week reports from selected clinics. The effectiveness and reliability of this system is dependent largely on the number of clinics.The data on eight common pediatric infectious diseases such as chicken pox, mumps and infantile diarrhea collected during a four-year period by clinics was analyzed to evaluate the surveillance system in the city of Kyoto.1. Reported cases of the eight diseases showed high variations among clinics. The correlation between two of the eight diseases was high in the case of chicken pox and mumps, but low in others, for example chicken pox and summer cold.2. The characteristics of a clinic could not be grouped according to the number of cases, areas or branches of clinics by multivariate statistical analysis. Therefore, each clinic had individual significance for the surveillance program.3. In each disease, the average and the standard deviation of the weekly reports over a period of four years covering Japan were used as indices which were thought to indicate the degree of accuracy. Consequently, the number of clinics necessary for surveillance was considered to be 30 in Kyoto (population of 1, 479, 000), with the population of residents per clinic being 49, 000, which was nearly equal to the standard number proposed by the Ministry of Public Welfare.4. In order to ensure both accuracy and effectiveness of surveillance, a larger number of clinics is needed for monitoring a total of 21 diseases.
- 日本衛生学会の論文