諏訪盆地における工業の変化
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概要
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Suwa Basin, the center of silk-reeling industry in pre-war days, has changed into as area of machinery and food industries. The ivention of nylon and other synthetic fibers drove away the demand of raw silk, of which production decreased to one-fourth of that golden age. (Table 3) The total value added of the present industries is estimated to be 670, 000, 000yen (shipment to be 2, 000, 000, 000). (Table 8) The present industrial development was caused partly by the plants of Tokyo capital, which had moved to this area for safety during the war, and partly by some of those big plants that have stayed even after the war, what by the good quality of the local laborers and what by little production of inferior goods.The labor of the area, in pre-war was mainly provided by the workwomen from neighboring provinces (Table 2), while workmen were comparatively few (about 4, 000). They were day-workers who lived in the neighboring rural communities and were called workmen-farmers. Their considerable earnings from factory labor led them to pay little attention to their farms. Land was split smaller and smaller until about half of the farmers could not make their living by the product of their farms alone. After the end of the war, at the downfall of the silk-reeling industry, these farmers could not help applying themselves closely to new industrial labor. The percentage of inferior goods among their product being small, in spite of their comparatively high wages, the managers of these enterprises found it profitable to leave their plants in the area even after the war.The present 16 larger factories belong to metropolitan manufactures. Though only a few silk-reel manufacturers changed their trade to machinery or food industries, silkreeling industry in pre-war days in Suwa Basin can not be said to have no relation to present industrial development of the district. Because manufacturers and repairers of silk yarn machines have found their way to the subcontract factories of Tokyo capital manufacturers. The present writer believes that the above-mentioned industrial change in this area is a typical form of an industrial area based on rural communities which has changed into a modern industry area. Main machinery plants in the district are the following presision machine plants: Seikosha, a watch maker; Sankyo, a music-box maker; Yashica and Olympus, camera; and other machinery plants; Tohatsu, auto cycle; Tel-pisu, piston ring; Kitazawa, high-pressure valve. Among the main food plants, the largest is the plant of Yomeishu, a medical wine. The enterprises of sake and miso or bean paste are rather smaller in spite of their large output.
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