干拓地農業の展開と構造 : 佐賀平野川副郷を中心として
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概要
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It is the recent trend of agricultural land explotion in Japan that the development paddy field on lowland is slow in progress with only exception on the reclaimed land and the development of upland field is taking main part. At the seashore of Saga Plain (Fig. 1) along Ariake Sea, Kyushu, tidalmarsh develops faster (Fig. 2) and coastline has marched forward by 10 meters a year. The topographical charcteristics of reclaimed land are shown in Fig. 5.The earliest reclamation was recorded in 1258 and many reclaimed land with area of about 10ha were made by farmers until about 1860 which were called Komori or Karami (Fig. 6). Since Meiji Era large-scale reclamation has been done by landowners or the state authority.The very aim of reclaimed land is rice production; it is used as wheat or cotton field some years after the completion and then it changes into rice-field after the salt diminishing. In the case of reclaimed land agriculture in Saga, rice has been planted on the fertile soil brought from the creek-bottom in the form of mire. Though not so important technical progress was made in agriculture by 1921, only pumping-up by man power has changed into mechanical irrigation since 1922. Then, success of rice plant improvement and of prevention against damage by blight and noxious insects; increase of the owner farmers and exodus of farmers to North-Kyushu Industrial Zone, and the increase of reclaimed lands made possible the large-scale management at the Japanese standard for 1.5ha, and the highest rice yield in Japan at 1935-1938.After the World War II the social and economical situations have changed and the agricultural management have been diversified, dairy farming and the use of hand tractor being introduced, but the agricultural production has been low in rate.From the analysis on some elements in this area, three problems are pointed out; (1) lowering of fertility, (2) shortage of irrigation water, (2) dispersion of cultivated lands and long distance to go to work (Fig. 8), and the reorganization of the pattern of cultivated lands and villages seems to be necessary for higher development of reclaimed land agriculture.
- 人文地理学会の論文