人口分布の分析尺度
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概要
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The distribution of population is an important subject of study in human-ecological geography. To analyse the distribution of population from the positional point of view, as a method of study on this subject, is a matter of great importance. A method of quantitative measurement with "position" is a point in this method. Concerning the measurement, potentiality of population, Pareto constant (rank-size rule), class-size rule, and coefficient of evenness, etc., as a scale, these are being closely observed today with keen interest.The method corcerning potentiality of population excels all others the close interrelation between it and other important social and economic phenomena of different kinds analysis-observation of population also……, though it is imcomplicated a little in the treatment. In any area, the relation between the size of an urban population and its rank is measured by Pareto's formula. This is called "urban rank size rule, " but it is able to measure the evenness of various cities' size by the numerical value of the Pareto constant in such a case. Not being able to prove correlative analysis with urban spacial position by this method, we used here the urban class-size rule with a view to studying it. If we use a specific constant in each area, we will be able to grasp the structure of the urban space distribution corresponding to the size of a city (function) and its rank. A derived coefficient of evenness from Lorens' curve is easy, and a highly sensitive scale to evenness in the distridution of population. The author calculated that the coefficient of evenness on the subject of Japanese population in 1935 and 1955 were as follows: in cases where a block was taken as the unit, they became 0.62 and 0.64. In cases which took a prefecture as the unit, however, they were 0.55 and 0.56. We are able to appreciate through these numerical values that they were both showing evenness of distribution of population in Japan at those periods of time. We are also able to know quantitatively the present state of population distribution among urban population, rural population, and urban and rural population, by the above-mentioned scales of different kinds, though the general idea of equilibrium (balance) is also connected with these scales of different kinds, and that is impotant in human-ecological geography.As mentioned above, these methods statistical, and they have an abstract and macroscopic characteristic in consequence. This method having abstract character is effective, in case it makes "region" whith in an other important subject in human-eecological geography (this is also an abstract idea) also an object of study.
- 人文地理学会の論文