土佐における近世初期村落について : 長宗我部地検帳による若干の考察
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概要
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Chosokabes cadastral book (1587-1590) comprised a survey record of land which extended all over Tosa (Kochi prefecture), and provides suitable data for village study in the early years of this modern age. This is chiefly because of two charactristics which that cadastral book has in itself. For one thing, Taikos land survey did not bring the aim home to a persons mind. It was a report not given in the cadastral book prepared for Hideyoshi by his officer, but was Chosogabes voluntary land survey. This proved compromising, and as a result it remained the feudal system of Tosa; another thing: it was kept as a land-book at the time of clan government, and was also used as fundamental data concerning local administration. In order to investigate the relation of the medieval village systems to modern village systems, it seems to me that this supplies excellent data. The cadastral book grasps skilfully the true knowledge of the Myo system in the mountain areas. It was an agronomic system centered around the Namoto mansions (a kind of local, powerful, family-clan mansions), which were consolidated in the districts to a high degree, because the core was that of rural areas (central villages). Chosogabe skilfully used such classable regions to the best advantage, in regard to the administrative organization in rural areas. Go (a village) and Eda-go (a branch village) in the mountains, at that time of clan government, was a mere matter that took over the above-mentioned regions. In some sections, modern village communities were also appearing together with the progress of the functional difference between knights and peasants, though remains of Myoden management could be seen. Like Emura-go (name of village), in each settlement group, which accumulated with a past Doi (a kind of local powerful familys mansions) as the central core, parted with the core of high degree that embodied them, and a change in internal affairs of the settlements followed. The former Go regions were disorganized, and new settlements were formed as new administrative regions. Like Oosone-go (name of village), the scattered Myoden management in former districts did not consolidate, boundaries the same as when the former Go was adopted. Such districts became the original form of villages in the time of the Tosa clan government.
- 人文地理学会の論文