由良川流域における桑園衰退の地域的考察
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概要
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The area of mulberry-fields in Japan was broadest in 1930, but now in 1957 it is 27% of the area which was used as mulberry-fields in 1930. Now, the decline is not always the same in the whole country. On the degree and speed of the decay we can see a remarkable difference between various parts of the country. Such a decline is due generally to the strong influence of the local conditions in addition to the lowering of the demand and expart which are caused by the invention of synthetic fiber and its diffusion.The leading object of this research is to study the local grounds which have influence on the reduction of mulberry-fields and I have surveyed the transition of the area of mulberry-fields in the Yura valley. (At present the area of mulberry-fields in the Yura valley is 17% of that in 1930)Now, the substances of this studies are as follows.(1) The regional variation of the decline in this valley is remarkable. Generally the decline of the fields is seen clearly on the upper Yura. They remain much on the middle valley and the lower valley and especially at lowlands in Hukuchiyama and Oe district.These districts are flood plains and most of them are utilized as mulberry-fields. They can keep the damage of farm products at a minimum by the cultivation of mulberry-trees. In the district where they have no flood disaster they scarcely cultivate mulberry-trees. (2) As regards the change of the distribution of mulberry-fields, we see a tendency that the center of distribution moves from highlands to lowlands. Formerly there were plenty of mulberry-fields in highlands, but now its decrease is more intense than lowlands and nowadays the situation is reversed. (3) Lately the increase of side-work farming in various parts of this valley leads to the insufficiency of labor force and the development of careless management, and then urge mulberry-fields decay. On the middle and lower part of this valley the prosperity of the industrial cities, Maizuru, Ayabe and Fukuchiyama, the development side-work farming in the neighborhood. Above all an important effect of Maizuru should be given attention. (4) Generally in the region of small-scale farming mulberry-fields decay is rapid and violent. It is because on the small-scale farming people have not enough land to cultivate mulberry-trees under the necessity of the self-sufficiency of food and it is hard to raise the silkworm owing to the increase of subsidiary business, outflow of surplus labor force.Besides the rate of arable area is an element which decides the distribution of mulberry-fields and the rate of the area left as mulberry-fields. The greater the rate of arable area become, the more mulberry-fields increase.
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