地域機能の分析とEconomic Baseの概念
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概要
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In America, economic base concept is used for reality analysis in the field of city planning and urban geography, and is considered to be very effective in the study of areas. In our country, however, few studies have been made using this concept. The writer selected eight towns in the Nara Basin as sample areas and attempted a case study using both the macrocosmic method and the sales-employment conversion method. The following results were obtained.As to the present situation:1) The percentage of non-basic activities is 30 to 40% of the whole activities in all the eight towns.2) The grade of surrounding activities (the activities towards the surrounding areas), that is the ranking of centrality is in the following order-Takada-Koriyama-Sakurai-Kashihara-Gose-Tenri-Tawaramoto-Ozi. The relative importance of surrounding activities in the whole activities is high in Tawaramoto, Kashihara and Gose. And these towns are the real local towns that have their surrounding areas as the basis of their existence.3) In the other five towns far-reaching activities (the activities towards the far-away areas) is greater than surrounding. The existence basis of local towns extends to various areas outside the prefecture.As to the process of the formation of the present situation;1) Between the middle of Meiji and the beginning of Taisho far-reaching activities made their appearance and caused disparity in the existence basis of areas. Thus the present tendency was set.2) The development of far-reaching activities brought about the perfection of internal activities. And the perfection of internal activities brought about the increase of surrounding activities.3) In Takada, Tenri and Ozi where far-reaching activities develop and surrounding activities increase, the rate of population growth is high, and the eduction of commuters does not cause much problem. In Koriyama, Kashihara, Gose and Tawaramoto where the tendency is contrary to the above-mentioned towns, the rate of population growth is low and the importance of commuters has become great.As to the advantages and disadvantages of the studies on functional regions by means of economic base concept through the above analysis;1) We made the internal activities (the activities towards the internal areas) clear, which the central place theory whose object is to study the relation to external areas failed to achieve.2) We analysed the whole functions, which the central place theory lacked, and located far-reaching activities and the surrounding activities.3) Basic activities should not be determined merely by the market of merchandise and services, but should be considered by taking all the location factors into consideration.4) In order to make such all-inclusive and minute studies on areas it is necessary to take an imput-output analysis.
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