岩手における養蚕地域の形成要因
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概要
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In this research and investigation, by using labour force as indication, the author analysed the located factors of sericultural industry in Iwate Prefecture, situated in north-eastern Japan.1) Research of the region has been classified into three areal groups: (A) Northern dry-field farming area, where extensive agriculture is carried on, and spring cocoon crops are the main production. (B) Southern dry-field farming area, where intensive agriculture is carried on and spring cocoon crops are the main production. (C) Paddy-field farming area of Kitakami Basin, where the ratio of sericulturists is rather low and summer-autumn cocoon crops occupy more than half of the whole year cocoon production.2) The common characteristic in the each area of sericultural industry, classified into three group types, showed that most of the inhabitants in these areas can still get a decent livelihood from their own silkworm raising income, though cash income has fairly decreased compared with prewar days.3) On the position of management: there are a few dominant differences in these three areas, in respect to the basis and structure of productions.As the inhabitants keep on with the management, acting self-sufficiently, in the northern dry-field farming areas, there is no relation of competition that comes into existence between the sericultural industry and the cropped rotation of cereals (the order cropped cereals) and seasonal distribution of labour forces.The sericultural management, in the southern dry-field farming area, Iwate Prefecture, has been formed parallel with the commercial crops, ensuring a direct profit to the inhabitants and the rice-culture as a countermeasure in preparation for industrial fluctuation. A downward movement of the postwar boom, however, brought a change in the position of sericultural management. By the connection between arable land and labour force; on the other hand, the introduction of new efficient management is not easy. So, traditional silkworm raising is compelled to be carried on between the former, and a newly risen management methods, for the sake of increasing the cash income in the family budget.The sericultural management, in the paddy-field farming area, Kitakami Basin, is kept by the surplus labour of rice-culture. Because introduction of a new management method is difficult, in this area, with the exception of the normal rice-culture. This is a far cry from the pattern of dry-field farming areas.
- 人文地理学会の論文