工場の立地とその敷地規模・建築密度との関係について
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概要
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This article is a consideration of the relationship between the location of factories, and the size of factory sites (expressed in terms of the area of factory site per employee), and density of buildings (where the index of site capacity=amount of built-up area/site area). The article examines the occurrence of this relationship throughout Japan, and in the Chukyo urban Zone (the city of Nagoya and its surrounding towns and villages), and is an attempt to clarify the regional differentiation of land-use in industry.This type of factory-site-built-up area relationship differs greatly according to the usually-used industrial categories. This is because the layout of each type of factory differs according to the construction of the particular type of factory involved. However, in so far as there are regional differences in the condition of land as a productive element, there must also be regional differences in the degree of land-use. In other words, there is an obvious difference in the size of site-density of buildings measurement between factories situated in large cities, where location conditions are favourable and elasticity of land supply is small, and the factories which are located in the fringe-areas of the country where location conditions are poor and elasticity of land supply is high. It is proposed that a similar difference exists between factories located in the heart of an urban zone and factories located in the outskirts of the zone.Supposing that, as a relative index of location conditions, we use the extent of factory accumulation, as calculated from the correlation of the number of factories per area of a given region with the value-added production per unit area, then the following areas will emerge as areas exhibiting a high degree of density:For Japan as a whole: -Tokyo, Kanagawa, Aichi, Osaka, followed by Saitama, Shizuoka, Kyoto, Hyogo, Hiroshima and other administrative areas.For the Chukyo area: -Higashi ku, Nishi ku, Naka ku, Mizuho ku, Atsuta ku, followed by Kita ku, Nakamura ku, Showa ku and Minami ku (The above ‘ku’ are urban (administrative) districts of the city of Nagoya.), the cities of Ichinomiya, Seto, and Bisai and the towns (‘cho’) of Shinkawa, Asahi and Kisogawa.Then, if we use statistics taken from the Industrial Site Survey of December 1961 to indicate the density of buildings and the scale of the sites of factories situated in the aforementioned areas, we find that the scale of sites is generally smaller, and the density of buildings is higher than in the case of factories situated in other areas.From these results, we can say that the degree of factory site-use in areas where location conditions are favourable and the extent of accumulation is high is greater than site-use in areas where location conditions are poor and the extent of accumulation is low.From this regional differentiation in site-use, two types of mutually intertwined phenomena seem to emerge: -1) In areas of high accumulation, the following types of factory, which show a strong natural tendency to occupy small sites and densely built-up areas occur most frequently: -Food and provisions, Textiles, Clothing, Furniture, Printing and publishing, Rubber and rubber products, Leather products, Light metal products, Machinery etc., whereas factories where the occupance of large sites with a low degree of building density is a strong characteristic are more common in the following groups: -Timber products, Paper and pulp, Chemicals, Oil and coal products, Ceramics and pottery products, Iron and steel, Non-ferrous metals, etc.2) Taking industry as a whole, when factories are located in areas with a high degree of industrial concentration, there is a strong tendency for factories within the same industrial category to occupy small scale sites with a high built-up area density.
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