南九州における漁協自営カツオ・マグロ漁業の成立と成否
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概要
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About 1953 and 1954, fifteen co-operative associations of self-operating pelagic skipjack pole and tuna long line were born at the southern parts of Kyushu (Kagoshima-Pref. & Miyazaki-Pref.) which are well-known for the fishery in Japan. The formation of the associations is one of the ways to protect themselves against the structural pressure in the after-war Japanese fishery. And they are under the political protection to promote the deep-sea fishing and joint operation. But there is only six of them existing now. We can say, this is the same tendency about the associations all over Japan (Tab. 1).This study is intended to classify the factors concerning its success and its failure.Of the factors for its failure, the first is the change of the policy; it was from the promotion of the deep-sea fishery which began to fail about 1955, to the development and structural improvement of coastal fishing. The second is the keen competition for making tuna long line fishing vessels larger among the monopolic giant capitals of fishery. Another reason is the heavy fall of the price for fish because of the experiments of H-bomb at Bikini.There are some factors for the failure inside of the associations. (1) the irrational management, (2) the accidents, e.g. the sinking of the fishing boats, etc. (3) the becoming worse of the economic condition of the associations because of the poor catch of the self-operating set-net fishing which was the economic foundation of the association. The fatal factor among them is the dullness of the self-operating deep-sea fishing brought by the irrational management of above mentioned precapitalistic loose one because of the lack of the experience.All of the five active associations of self-operating deep-sea fishing (Kushikino, Hashima, Bôdomari, Makurazaki-shi, Yamakawa-cho) is located at the areas developed by the fishing of bonito and tuna as their chief industry for a long time. But the failures of the nine associations came from the lack of the experiences for that fishing. They were at villages of coastal fishing like set-nets. Furue Fishing Association is the only exception, which had the change from coastal fishing to tuna fishing. But its boat is small one, only 39t. Its economic condition is worse. Its labor power is not enough. Today it is on the turning point for its existence.
- 人文地理学会の論文