鞏珍「西洋番国志」について
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概要
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The objective of this paper is to discuss "Xi Yáng Fan Gúo zhí" a recently found and published Chinese document describing the countries of southern and western Asia in the 15th century. This document is believed to be written by Gong Zhen who participated in the Zhèng Hé's seventh voyage to the areas of "Xi Yang", the South Sea and the Indian Ocean, 1432-1433 A.D. The manuscript of the book had been handed down through the period from the end of the Míng to the middle of Qing. The name of the author and the title appeared in bibliographies of that time, and the presence of the document was never doubted, though it was not published in any form. Where the document was being kept remained unknown for more than 150 years. After World War II a manuscript of "Xi Yáng Fan Gúo Zhí" was donated by a book-collector in Tian-jin to the National Library of Peking. Subsequently, the first annotated edition of the book by Mr. Xiàng Dá was published in 1961 from Zhong Huá Shú Jú, Peking.The publication should be regarded as a great contribution to the geographical study of the countries in the "South Sea". Gong Zhen arranged the great accumulation of geographical knowledge acquired by members of the Zhèng Hé's expedition voyage to the following areas: the Indochina Peninsula, the Malay Archipelago, Java, Sumatra, Ceylon, the southwest coast of India, Hormuz, Mecca, and the coasts of the Arabian Peninsula.First of all, the author put in order the bibliographical knowledge hitherto known us before it was published, then explained the circumstances how the present manuscript appeared. The content of the book is a chief objective of the present study. Regional description, country after country, is discussed in order of the following items: physical environment, polity, language, religion, mode of living, custom, products, monetary system, weights and measures, relationship with China, and Chinese residents.In this examination the author tried to make clear the characteristics of the book as a regional geography in the past, and peculiar nature that the descridtion was chiefly based on the knowledge collected by the Zhèng Hé's expedition. His opinion is expressed on the problematical relationship of the book with "Yíng Yá Shèng Lan" another of the records of the voyages.It is also the author's intention to point out the ambiguous definition of the word "Xi Yáng" used in the title as well as in the text. This seems to result from the transitional nature of the period from the Yuán to the end of the Míng, and this ambiguousness is characteristic to Chinese documents of the early 15th century concerning the "South Sea" areas.
- 人文地理学会の論文
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- 鞏珍「西洋番国志」について
- 1965年国内出版の主要地図