北上山地における育成林の成立
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概要
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The authors object is to clarify the factors of the areal establishment of silviculture. Up to this time, the areal expanding of silviculture has explained by the forestry rent theory that the height of timber market price had realized it. But it must be emphasized that the afforestation is supported by the many farmhouses mainly in the pirvate forest land in Japan, so we must analyze the economic basis of them.The ratio of the area of artificial forest land is higher than the other country. It is about 30%. But we can admit the areal difference of it in Japan, namely higher in south-western part of Japan, lower in north-eastern part of Japan.The private forest land in north-eastern part of Japan has been famous for the large production of firewood and charcoal made of unartificial broad-leaved trees. But the production of it has decreased rapidly by the change of energy demand in recent years. So, many farmhouses had to ask the other incomes. One of it was the way of silviculture of needle-leaved trees. Nowadays, the area of afforestation changed from unartifitial forest land is increasing. But the ratio of it remains lower.Now, the author tried to analyze the factors of the new establishment of silviculture through the economic basis of farmhouses in Kawai-Mura (village), central part of Kitakami mountaneous region, Iwate prefecture, north-eastern part of Japan.The results obtained are as follows:1. The scale of large greater part of the farmhouses of this village is small and the income of them depends on the production of agriculture (mainly, rice, tobacco, mulberry, vegetable and millet), firewood and charcoal, breeding of calf and subsidary of other buisiness. And the greater part of it depends on agriculture, and almost farmhouses breed a few calves. But, before 10 years they depended on mainly the prodution of firewood and charcoal.2. There are two types of settlement in this village. One is that the way of silviculture spread in each farmhouse, the other is that the way of it hardly spread. The former depends on commonly the rice production, the most of which is consumed for themselves, the later depends on commonly the ordinary crops (mainly tobacco and mulberry). These crops need much labour, so the adaptation of silviculture is difficult.3. The beginning of the spreading of silviculture in this village was about 1955. The ratio of the area of silviculture in the woodland in this village is about 10% in the present time. Especially with the change of energy demand, each farmhouse has oriented to the enlarging of paddy fields in the first place on account of the rising of rice price by the supporting price system, and in the next stage, they have enlarged the scale of culture of mulberry or breeding, or introduction of dairy, tobacco or silviculture.4. Then the farmhouses with woodland below 20ha. oriented to the adaptation of silviculture which supported by the system of subsidiary for silviculture beginning from 1954 by the government. But the economy of these farmhouses is extremely small, so the annual realizing scale of silviculture is also very small. And the rice production is important in the economic basis of these farmhouses.The farmhouses with woodland over 20ha. which number is a few possess also larger paddy, ordinary and pasture fields. Therefore they enlarge the each part of them, and they ignore the input to silviculture due to the slow growth and turnover of capital.This trend is opposite to them in the south-western part of Japan.
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