焼畑経営山村における林野利用と村落構造
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概要
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This paper had been studied on three districts: Tsuka, Tokuyama-Mura, Gifu Prefecture; Shiramine and Kuwashima, Ishikawa Prefecture; Seto, Imajo-Cho, Fukui Prefecture. In these parts, the swidden cultivation and the afforestation are prevalent as the land use in the Chubu mountainous area.This study has the following three points.1) The transition of the land use on the mountain slopes.2) The system of the land use regulations in the mountainous areas.3) A rural community structure and the effects of the land use regulations.On survey, the mountain slpoes in these parts (except Tsuka) mainly had been used of the swidden cultivation, the silk culture and the charcoal-making. But these land use have been replaced by the afforestation after World War II. Such tendency is remarkable at Shiramine and Kuwashima.The land use regulations in the mountainous areas are strougly in evidence at Tsuka (2500ha) and Kuwashima (600ha) where are the common land. For instance, “Kabudai” (a common land use fee) is a principal regulation at Tsuka and “Issakuoroshi” (a common land on lease) at Kuwashima. The subject matter takes some different regulations in the land use types. After World War II, the afforestation was popular rapidly, and then the afforestation areas were made at Kuwashima. In the other hand, “Oyyasama” (a land-owing class) has restricted the land use as there is not the common land at Shiramine.Tsuka village community has non-hierarchical structure, Shiramine and Kuwashima have a hierarchical structure and also Kuwashima has kept a traditional community structure through the common land use.In this paper, it is suggested that.1) Tsuka The regulation of the forest land use are communal because of a large cmmon land and non-hierarchical village structure.2) Kuwashima Though it has the hierarchical rural structure, the common land use is based on the communal system.3) Shiramine The rural structure has an extream class system and a few landowners hold almost the forest land of the village and restrict those land use.4) Seto It is situated between Kuwashimas type and Shiramines type as the above-mentioned.
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