福島県における中心地階層構造の研究
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概要
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A pioneer contribution by Y. WATANABE (1955) in order to test the applicability of central place theory in Japan was carried out in Fukushima Prefecture. Twenty years have passed since this study was completed.This study followed up aspects of WATANABEs work, its aim was to;i) confirm the hierarchical system of central places existed in 1953, and to examine its transformation since then.ii) clarify the social characteristics of the central place hierarchy from the viewpoint of the relationship between classes of central place and social attributes of consumers.iii) compare the existing central place hierarchy with administrative planning areas, and to point out some problems regarding Regional city, town and village community planning (Koiki-Sichoson-Ken-Keikaku).Firstly, it was confirmed through the authors investigation that the central place hierarchy in 1953 in the plains (some basins and Iwaki coastal plain) and their adjacent areas (Fig. 5) was composed of three strata (≈areal order), while in the mountainous areas, the hierarchy was composed of two strata. However in 1971, since the 1955 Community Consolidation new Rural Community-Office Settlements (yakuba-shuraku) have emerged to rank equally with Town (chiho-machi, Kawamata, Ishikawa, Bange, Tomioka, etc.), these have subordinated old Rural Community-Office Settlments (kyu-yakuba-shuraku, , stratum I). Of course, in the mountains new Rural Community-Office Settlements have been unable to subordinate old Settlements, and the Town still subordinates several Rural Community-Office Settlements. Generally speaking, however, the new Rural Community-Office Settlements have developed to become independent of the Town, and to be directly tied with the City (toshi, Fukushima, Koriyama, Sukagawa, Kitakata, Haramachi, etc.). These hierarchical relationships between the Rural Community-Office Settlement and the Town and the City could be inferred from WATANABEs “hierarchical systems in supposition” (Fig. 3).Socondly, the central place hierarchy has been influenced not only by the functional differences of central functions, but also by some social groups. In rural area in Fukushima Prefecture, the Rural Community-Office Settlement class is mostly oriented towards peasantry, while the City class is oriented towards the white-collar workers. The Town has an intermediate character. This study is only the first step towards clarifying the social characteristics of central place hierarchies. In the future, the author hopes to connect the central place hierarchy with the rural community structure.In the light of the authors findings, he has reconsidered the Regional city, town and village community planning. This has been sound to be out of relation with the central hierarchy. Consequently, this study reveals that its areal scale is wider than the actual area, and that the planner has neglected regional differences of central place hierarchies between plain and mountainous areas, and that finally, its areal scale is not the peasants action space, but the whitecollar workers one.
- 人文地理学会の論文