近世後期・甲斐国における「組合村」について
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概要
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Today, the functional consideration of regions as a field in historical geography has given rise to the concept of the historical region or historical territory. And one of its fruits is that the subject on the interrelationship between the substantive region and formal region has been developing. For instance, the studies of the Kinsei-Go (_??__??__??_) can be regarded as an example of the results. Furthermore, most of these studies have already reckoned the Hanryos (_??__??_) as a framework of the research. However, there seems to be little study of the fieves which were under the directed control of the Shogunate, or generally called as Tenryos (_??__??_).Therefore, I think that Tenryos should be discussed from the standpoint of the historical research. On that occasion, we are able to point out the existence of the Kumiaimura (_??__??__??_), that is the intermediate territory, in the Tenryos.In order to explain the interrelationship between the substantive region and formal region, this paper deals with the intermediate territory Kumiaimura in the Kaikoku Tenryos in the late Edo era. To study the subject, the auther, first of all, investigated the distribution and size of Kumiaimura that is regarded as the local political territory of Tenryos and also the political regionalization of Kumiaimura that is considered as political trend of the Shogunate. Secondly, as the paper analyses the function of the Gunchusodai (_??__??__??__??_), also clarifies the historical foundation of what the formation of Kumiaimura has been based on and accepted.The main results of the paper are summarized as follows:(1) The Kaikoku is situated at the fief of the Shogunate, in a sense, it is assigned to the Tokugawa-Ichimons (_??__??__??__??_) or Hudai-daimyos (_??__??__??__??_) etc., from the early Edo era. Moreover, these Tenryos were generally of very large size and differed from the fieves of the Kanto districts or Kinki districts, and it frequently happened that a village was rulled over by more than two rulers.(2) Judging from the distribution and size of Kumiaimura, the Suji (_??_), the historical territory in the early Edo era, lost the political significance, nevertheless, it was becoming the substantive region more and more.And that the Suji seemed to have served as the standard in the organizing process of the self-governed Torishimari-Kumiaimura (_??__??__??__??__??_). However, in the late Edo era, especially during the period of the Bunka, the self-governed Kumiaimura was divided and local political territories Kumiaimura were then formed.(3) It appeared that the Kumiaimura which had achieved a position of the intermediate territory in the Tenryos, strengthened its political function in keeping pace with the collapse of the Shogunate. And it is shown in the division of self-governed Kumiaimura as stated above.(4) Judging from the Gunchu-sodais function, it turned out that Kumiaimura in the Kuninaka had accepted the villages in allied structure for collecting rice as annual land tax and carrying it to the Edo. On the other hand, in the Gunnai that missed this opportunity, the self-governed Torishimari-Kumiaimura or Sukego-Kumiaimura (_??__??__??__??__??_) have been the historical foundation.(5) Moreover, the sphere of Kumiaimura in the Gunnai and in the north-west Kofu basin that is established at the end of the Tokugawa regime, were later developing into the Kusei (_??__??_) of the early years of the Meiji.
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