広島市高陽町における大字区画と集落社会

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概要

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• It is a theme of regional-structure analysis in Human Geography to demarcate the smallest regional units of the community, and to clarify some functional connectivity among them in an hierarchical context.In the feudal age of Japan, Hanseison functioned as the strongest regional unit. Oaza is derived from the Hanseison in the research area. The purpose of this paper, then, is to make clear the function of the Oaza and the structure of the community. The research area is Koyo-cho, in the northern suburbs of Hiroshima city, situated at the entrance leading to the Chugoku mountains, where typical lockere Haufendörfer can be discerned in the settlement pattern.Judging from the fact that communal properties, have been held mainly by the Oaza, it is the basic unit of the community. But the practical functioning unit of the community is the Koburaku which is composed of about 50 households under the Oaza. Therefore in the lockere Haufendörfer area, the community is organized by the linkage of the Oaza and the Koburaku.The function of the Koburaku was strengthened gradually by the Municipality Reorganization Act enacted in 1889 and the Chiho-Kairyo-undo (Social Reform Movement) after the Russo-Japanese War. Special stress must be laid on the fact that various activities of the Seinendan (the young mens association) came to be held on the Koburaku level after the latter half of the Meiji Era. Furthermore, in 1934, the Oaze properties officially became privately-owned, but a part of them were transferect in actuality to the Koburaku. In this way, the Koburaku was elevated to the status of the smallest modern community unit, and it became the Jichikai or Chonaikai (a town/block association) and the agricultural settlement instituted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.The dwindling Oaza communal forests, however, have persisted for several decades and been revived in the form of Airinkai (the association of the forest preservation) or Seisanshinrinkumiai (the productive forestry association). The existence of such a deep-rooted Oaza is worth noting from the view point of regional-structure analysis.

• 人文地理学会の論文

著者

• 堤 正信

  広島女子大学文学部

関連論文

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• コメント2 : 人類学における異文化理解 : 国際理解と地理学 : 昭和59年度秋季学術大会シンポジウム
• 重見之雄, 瀬戸内塩田の経済地理学的研究, 大明堂, 1984, 338p., 5,200円
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• 石田寛教授退官記念事業会編, 地域-その文化と自然, 福武書店, 1982, 710頁, 12000円
• 竹原市小梨町調査報告(予報) : 昭和54年度地理科学学会大会発表要旨
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• 住宅問題研究グループ著, 「広島の住宅問題 : その序論的考察」, 昭和51年, 広島大学工学部建築学科都市計画研究室, 103頁
• 地井昭夫著, 自律圏としてみた漁業集落の構造性に関する研究 : 日本の沿岸漁村における集落構造論・序説, 昭和50年, 213頁
• 佐伯岩男著, 現代の地方都市, 昭和51年, 大明堂, 214頁, \1,800
• 広島県山県郡における中心集落の分布と変容
• 広島市高陽町における大字区画と集落社会

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