自動車交通流からみた東京都区部における機能地域のディリー・リズム
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概要
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The purpose of the present paper is to clarify the successive changes in a day, i.e. the daily rhythm, of functional regions within the Tokyo special wards in terms of automobile traffic flows. For this purpose, after the study area being regionalized into 59 unit zones (see Fig. 1) and the fourteen hours from 6:00 to 20:00 being divided into seven time periods of two-hour intervals, the O-D matrix including 59×59 elements is prepared by each time period. An analysis is made, first, to examine the periodical characteristics of automobile traffic flows from the viewpoint of their purposes (Fig. 2) and the land use of their origins and destinations (Fig. 3); secondly, to delineate functional regions by employing factor analysis to the O-D matrix of each time period (Fig. 4); and thirdly, to estimate the Pearsons product-moment correlation coefficients of the factor scores and loadings in order to clarify the similarities between the functional regions of adjoining time periods (Fig. 5). As a result, the daily rhythm includes the following three different stages:1. In the morning from 6:00 to 10:00 when most of the flows occur from homes to offices and schools, a number of small functional regions are formed as shown in Fig. 6-A. The distinct functional regions extracted are the Joto region (A1 in Fig. 4) in the east, the Johoku region (A2) in the north, the Jonan region (B2) in the south, and the west Jonan region (B3) in the southwest. The three functional regions except for the west Jonan region cover the industrial areas of the downtowns, respectively. Among the four regions, both of the Joto and Johoku regions are formed at the earlier time period. This is probably due to both of them being focussed upon transport facilities.The small functional regions rapidly expand by fusing into each other as indicated by broken lines in Fig. 6-A. To be exact, larger functional regions enlarge further as their centers come to dominate the hinterlands of the other adjacent smaller ones. For example, the Joto region comes to absorb the Johoku region because the first factor interpreted as the Joto region at the time period of 8:00 to 10:00 has significant correlations not only in factor score and loading with the first factor indicating the Joto region at the time period of 6:00 to 8:00 but also in the factor loading with the second factor indicating the Johoku region at the same time period (see Fig. 5). In like manner, the Jonan region enlarges by including the west Jonan region. As mentioned above, the stage of the daily rhythm of functional regions in the morning can be comprehended not only by the formation of many small and transient functional regions but also by their expansion due to fusion.2. Three large-scale functional regions are delineated in a triangular position during the daytime from 10:00 to 16:00 when the business flows conveying goods predominate among the facilities of offices and commerce (Fig. 6-B). In detail, these functional regions are the Joto, Jonan and Josai regions. The Josai region is indicated by the third factor at each time period in the daytime (see C3, D3 and E3 in Fig. 4) and has no significant correlation with the other functional regions (see Fig. 5). The hinterlands of the three functional regions are more or less stable in the daytime but, on the other hand, their centers are temporally variable. For example, the Jonan region has its centers in the C.B.D. during the time period during of 10:00 to 12:00 (see C1 in Fig. 4) but in the southern district during the next two time periods (see D2 and E1). In the case of the Joto region, the centers gradually move into and near the C.B.D. (see C2, D1 and E2).
- 人文地理学会の論文
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