卸売団地形成に伴う卸売事業所の郊外化 : 甲府市周辺地域を事例として

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Suburbs have been formed into areas which are highly mobilized by the transfer of various urban functions from the central zone of a city. This phenomenon is caused by worsening environmental conditions in the central zone of the city and improved transportation facilities in suburbs. What further quickens such development is the agglomeration of medium- and small-sized enterprises being re-located at suburbs. This paper examines the suburbanization of urban functions in relation to the wholesale establishment which normally is dependent on the central part of city.This paper attempts to clarify the effect of wholesalers transfers to a wholesale trade center in the suburbs and its influence on the local community, and also aims at studying various problems that may arise from establishing a wholesale trade center in an urban region. The Kofu City region of Yamanashi Prefecture was chosen as a case study and the results are summarized as follows:1. Most of the wholesale establishments now operating at the wholesale trade center built at Tatomi-Machi in 1977 originally moved from the Renjaku wholesale district at 4-and 5- chome, Chuo, Kofu City (Fig. 2). The major reasons for their transfer were the limited space of stores and warehouses and the expansion of business operation. This is particularly fore in the wholesaling of food and beverages, stationery and general merchandise, where there has been an increase in the variety of goods (Tab. 4).2. The wholesalers relocation to the trade center improved the business environment greatly. In particular, stationery and general merchandise, clothing and apparel wholesalers gained a remarkable improvement in their business (Tab. 5). The improvement resulted in expansion of market area and increased sales volume (Tab. 6). As a consequence of this relocation, the commuting sphere of workers in the wholesale trade center was extended, and doubled in commuting distance (Fig. 3). That is, suburbanization of establishments promoted the increase of employment in suburbs of Kofu City.3. 40.6% of the wholesalers who relocated retained operation of their old establishments, and the rest disposed of them to others (Tab. 7). Among the retained stores, 40.6% are being operated as retail facilities (Tab. 8). This tendency is seen more in chemical products, machinery and equipment, stationery and general merchandise wholesalers, and is much stronger in the central zone. As a whole, however, the upgrade to more intensive land uses has not been so extensive in the central zone; there are still less intensive land uses such as parking, warehouses and vacant land on the sites.4. Taking as an example clothing and apparel, the linkage between the retailers in Yamanashi Prefecture and the wholesalers in the wholesale trade center has become strong, and conversely the linkage between the retailers in Yamanashi Prefecture and the wholesalers in the Renjaku wholesale district has weakened (Fig. 4). Consequently, the Renjaku wholesale district has changed to function as a place to supply small-scale retailers (Fig. 5).5. The suburbanization of wholesale establishments accompanied with the setup of the wholesale trade center caused the concentrated wholesale business area to be polarized into two agglomerations. In the Renjaku wholesale district, in the center of Kofu City, from which many of the establishments were transfered, there has not been progress in more intensive land uses; the deteriorating establishments contributed further to stagnation of the district. On the other hand, the business establishments operating in the wholesale trade center, with the advantage of benefits gained by means of improved collective business operation, are poised to resist the advance of the Tokyo wholesalers expansion into the area. It is clear that the wholesale trade center has grown as a new distribution base for the city.

著者

鈴木厚志
立正大学・院

卸売団地形成に伴う卸売事業所の郊外化 : 甲府市周辺地域を事例として

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