アメリカにおける航空規制緩和と結節地域構造の変化

概要

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The U.S. Congress passed the Airline Deregulation Act (ADA) in 1978, which put an end to 40 years of air transportation regulation. The author, with special reference to the ADA, tried to make clear: 1) how large an impact the ADA had on the structure of the U.S. nodal regions defined by air transportation passengers, and 2) to what extent the geographical conditions of hubs can explain the variations of the rate of change in the number of air passengers both originating and terminating at hubs before and after the ADA in the Pacific Northwest. The results of this analysis may be summarized as follows:(1) In general, the ADA has made larger hubs develop and on the contrary, smaller hubs decline by making them compete with each other.(2) The ADA has effected a considerable amount of change in the structure of the U.S. nodal region. For instance, the Dallas-Ft. Worth hub has become more important for five years (1978-1983) by an increase in the number of hubs, from 6 to 12, which are governed by it.(3) Two factors are identified which have an influence upon the rate of change in the number of air passengers both originating and terminating at hubs before and after the ADA in the Pacific Northwest. They are a) the total number of air passengers at the smaller hubs which can be reached within three hours by car from each of the given hubs, and b) travel time from the latter hub to its nearest larger hub.
人文地理学会の論文