木曽川流域における水利構造の変容と水資源問題

概要

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Water resource problems in Japan have changed dramatically as the high rate of industrialization and urbanization have slowed down. The problems occurring in recent years seem to be quite different from the past because of the change of the socioeconomic environment surrounding water resources. The purpose of this article is to clarify the relationship between the change of water utilization and resulting water resource problems in the case of the basin of the Kiso River.Three aspects have been considered for investigation: (1) areal and structural change of water demand, (2) relationships among water user sectors, and (3) conflict and adjustment of water resources among the local governments, which make plans for public water supply service and management.The results of the study may be summarized as follows:(1) The area of public water supply has been much expanded spatially recently. The dependence on water of the Kiso River as a source has been much strengthened. This is due to the increase of water demand and the change of water management authority within the last two decades.(2) The increased water supply for urban users from the Kiso River has influenced agricultural water users, who were formerly the leading sector in the water users of the Kiso River. Now the intake of water from the Kiso River is under state control based on the quantity of flow at standard points, for example at Imawatari. The state control of the river water has been gradually intensified and as a result, traditional water use of agriculture has been increasingly regulated.(3) water conflicts have ocurred among different urban water users in the process of water resource development planning. A severe conflict arose between Aichi and Gifu Prefectures. Aichi Prefecture has immediate used for water, and Gifu Prefecture is willing to reserve water resource for future use. So the political negotiation was done in the course of water resource development planning. But this negotiation has resulted in an inequalty of water service and demand-supply gap between the prefectures.These structural changes mentioned have brought an instability in the structure and management of water utilization. It can be pointed out that this has become one of the most influential factors causing todays water resource problems. Particularly the control of the water flow at the standard points by the state is less effective and has caused water scarcity in some regions. In addition to this, the state control of the river also raised many problems. One of the most serious ploblems is the disproportion of projected water demand with actual demand in the agricultural sector, as the actual water demand is usually much larger than the projected one.Recently the quantity of agricultural water use has been increased because of the change of structure of water use with urbanization and the increase of part-time farmers. Moreover, the leakage of the surface water of the paddy fields to the underground also increased the use of agricultural water. However, this seems to coutradi ct the aim of the governments policy of water transfer from agriculture to urban users. Therefore, the river management system which is now being controlled by the government needs immediate modification for the betterment of the water users and the country as a whole.
人文地理学会の論文

著者

伊藤達也
名古屋大学医学部第一内科

木曽川流域における水利構造の変容と水資源問題

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