北海道石狩平野の耕地防風林についての気候景観的考察
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概要
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Most climatic elements are not easily visible. But their effects can sometimes be perceived as the landscape of vegetation, etc. The landscape of the wind breaks for cultivated land on the Ishikari Plan, Hokkaido is very unique in Japan. This could be regarded as a cultural landscape. Further, the possibility that the landscape can be recognized s a“Cultural-Climatic Landscape (Bunkakeikanteki-Kikokeikan)”as defined by Taiji YAZAWA is investigated in this study.The Main Wind Breaks (Kansen-Bofurin) and Sub Wind Breaks (Kochi-Bofurin) are dealt with in this study. The first Main Wind Breaks were established by The Prefectural Office of Hokkaido (Hokkaido-cho) according to The Project of Selection and Division of Settlement (Shokuminchi-Sentei-Kukaku-Jigyo) in Meiji Era. Most of the Main Wind Breaks of present have been maintained from that time. Most of Sub Wind Breaks were planted by individual farmers in Meiji Era, too. At the time of planting, the condition of the prevailing winds (especially its direction and velocity in early summer) should have been taken into consideration. Thus, the character of wind breaks (for instance density of distribution of wind breaks on agricultural land, width of the belt of wind breaks and so on) can represent the condition of prevailing wind. If the relationship between the condition of prevailing winds and the character of wind breaks can be clarified, the wind breaks can be regarded as a kind of Climatic Landscape.As a result of the investigation, it was shown that several patterns of relationships between the condition and character exist.These are as follows:(1) The One-Directional Arrangement of Main Wind Breaks-This arrangement of Main Wind Breaks shows that the strong prevailing wind comes at it almost perpendicularly.(2) The Two-Directional Arrangement of Main Wind Breaks-The Main Wind Breaks themselves are arranged in a grid pattern, and the direction of strong prevailing wind comes from an oblique angle.(3) The One-Directional Arrangement of Sub Wind Breaks-A number of Sub Wind Breaks are arranged in a single direction, and sometimes supplement the Main Wind Break. For this pattern, the direction of prevailing wind is also perpendicular as in the first type, but the wind velocity is relatively less.From these of observations was shown that the wind breaks for cultivated land on the Ishikari Plain, Hokkaido are subject to the influence of prevailing wind direction and velocity, so they can be regarded as a kind of the“Climatic Landscape”.
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