ハワイにおける日本人の居住地・出身地分布 : 1885年と1929年
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概要
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This paper is a study of the Japanese in Hawaii who emigrated to work since the early Meiji Era. The methods of study and the results of the analysis are as follows:1. The resident distribution of Japanese immigrants in Hawaii and the structure of the population, classified according to birthplace, in each residence are analyzed using The Hawaii-Japanese Annual. “THE NIPPU JIJI, THE HAWAII-JAPANESE ANNUAL & DIRECTORY 1929” was used as basic material, and the number of people from each prefecture in Japan was counted residence by residence. First, in the case of the resident distribution, the number of residents in each island and, in addition, the number of residents in each section of each island was determined. On the basis of these results, a resident distribution map was made and then it was compared with the distribution map of Japanese schools, organizations, churches, etc. Consequently, it became clear that the resident distribution was closely related to the position of sugarcane fields where many Japanese worked. Second, with respect to the number of people classified according to birthplace, for all of Hawaii the highest number came from Hiroshima Prefecture, followed by Yamaguchi, Kumamoto, Okinawa, and Fukuoka Prefectures, respectively. This emphasizes the fact that there were many people from the southwest prefectures of Japan. Analyzed by island, it is noticeable that the number of people from Okinawa Prefecture was the second highest on Maui and the number from Kumamoto Prefecture was the second highest on Hawaii (the Big Island). Then, in each section, a study was done of all the prefectures people came from to determine which prefecture had the highest number of people. As a result, it was discovered that people from Yamaguchi Prefecture tended to disperse evenly, while, on the other hand, people from Okinawa Prefecture were likely to live communally within a section.2. To find the reason why many people from each prefecture lived in their particular sections, the relationship between the birthplace of the Japanese workers and the fields where they worked during the time of Japanese government contract labor emigrants (when the first mass emigration into Hawaii occurred) was made clear with Japanese Foreign Ministry documents. Then this was compared with the distribution in 1929, mentioned in No. 1, and to what extent changes occurred became clear.3. To examine the population movement during the time between 1885 and 1929, the course which people took while moving was investigated on the basis of the records of personal life history. Although only ten people were examined, it was discovered that people changed their residences three times on the average, and they did not have a tendency to settle.