韓国における路線トラック輸送網の形成過程
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概要
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Freight transportation volumes have increased with the production and consumption of manufactured goods acompanying rapid economic growth. In Korea, freight transportation volume was 49, 070 thousand tons in 1965, and 337, 150 thousand tons in 1990; the volume increased about 7 times since the five-year plan of economic development of 1962. During this period, freight transportation volume by motor vehicle increased greatly in absolute terms.Although the ratio of regular truck to the total freight transportation volume in Korea was low at 2.7% in 1990, freight transportation by regular trucking plays a very important in interregional freight transportation. Regular trucking gathers the freight of many unspecified individuals and organizes the freight flows which take place between regions. Thus, while the patterns of interregional freight flow should follow the distribution of freight transportation demands, formation of the patterns of freight flow is influenced by the network service of regular truck firms. In explaining the flow patterns for overland freight between regions, therefore, it is very important to understand the network service of each firm.This study examines the development of service networks by regular trucking, and the spatial change of truck service routes. The data used are as follows: 1) The Regular Routes of Regular Trucking published by the Ministry of Transportation in 1991, 2) The Research Tables on the Actual State of Regular Truck Firms in 1989, and 3) The Study of the Activation Scheme for Regular Truck Management in 1990, which were published by the Korea Transport Institute. Twenty three nation-wide regular truck firms are considered in this study.The main findings obtained are summarized as follows:1) Three quarters of regular truck firms were established before the first oil shock. They can be divided into three types by capital, number of permitted routes, service network distance and an extent of transportation network; that is, 4 nation-wide businesses, 4 semi nation-wide businesses and 15 great-sphere businesses. Nation-wide businesses were located in Pusan, Taegu, Chongju and Jonju, and semi nation-wide businesses were located in the Seoul Metropolitan Area including Suwon (Kyonggi Province) and Taegu. Consequently, half of the total 23 regular truck firms located their head offices in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, which contains 39.1% of the national population.2) Service networks of nation-wide and semi nation-wide businesses have developed from the local network formulation within the province in which each hebd office was located, into the nation-wide one. Subsequently these firms set up new service networks based on the metropolises, and extended their local service networks. Since the change of freight demands of 1991, especially, nation-wide service networks centering about each metropolis have been built up. Greater-sphere businesses, however, have formed great-sphere service network since the beginnings, and have not yet changed their policies.3) The number of business offices of regular truck firms is closely related to population, number of manufacturing employees, and wholesale and retail annual sales. In the locational process of business offices, it can be recognized that 1) in the early years, they were located within the provinces in which their head offices were located, and within metropolises; and 2) in metropolitan areas, first, they were located in the downtown, and later in the suburbs.4) The recent change of population distribution intensifies the competition among firms in trucking routes between metropolises. The competition may be reflected in change. of truck service networks. In recent years, that is, the truck service networks have shifted from local service networks within the provinces in which firms' head offices are located, to nation-wide ones based on Seoul and between metropolises.
- 人文地理学会の論文