愛知県藤岡町における入会林野の再編成と機能変化

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There have been iriai-rinya (common forests) in almost all of mountain villages in Japan. They have been owned by each village itself and utilized by almost all of the villagers based on social and cultural norms. Because of its pre-modern ownership system, however, the Japanese government has attempted to redesign it in a modern form since the Meiji Era (1867-1911), that is abolition of the ownership of iriai-rinya and putting it into the category of government-owned forests.The latest efforts done by the Japanese government was the Act for Modernization of Iriai-Rinya (iriai-rinya-kindaika-hou), which was enforced from 1966. In the act, the viewpoint of iriai-rinya was quite different from the previous policies and acts. The ownership of iriai-rinya was regarded as private property by nature. As a result of implementation of the Act, iriai-rinya have been usually divided into many parts owned individualy or shifted to associated ownership and management.During this reorganizing process, regional patterns have occurred, namely, the type of individualization in Northeast Japan and the type of association in Southwest Japan. Some factors indicated in the regional patterns can be summarized as follows;First, historical factors existed behind the regional patterns. Especially, the significance of iriai-rinya differed according to the implementation of to previous different policies on iriai-rinya.Second, administrative factors existed. The attitude of each prefecture toward iriai-rinya has strongly effected the reorganizing process.In this paper, however, it is argued that iriai-rinya have been scarcely reorganized by implementation of the Act in many metropolitan-neighboring mountain villages, although it has been done in other categories of mountain villages. With regard to this argument, previous research seems to have been hypothetical or general, but not empirical.Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the reorganizing process of iriai-rinya in two villages of Fujioka municipality, Aichi Prefecture, as a case of mountain villages neighboring to metropolitan areas, putting the focus on regional factors concerned with the implementation of the Act. The comparison between two villages is adopted as the main methodology, that is, one is a village authorized by the Act and the unauthorized village is the other.The results are summarized as follows:First, both villages planned to establish an association for forest management, that is, in both villages, there was intent to continue the collective forest-use by the implementation of the Act.Second, the previous mode of forest-use, however, was different. Furthermore, the prefecture government policy was to determine the type of reoganization owing to the previous mode of forest-use.Third, therefore, the Act was scarcely implemented, when the policy of the prefecture government as did not agree with the intent of a village. In other words, administrative factors could effect the type of reorganization.Fourth, the eventual determinant factor in the implementation of the Act was correspondence between the planning of the forest-use and the spirit of the Act. The reasons for disapproval, for example, wore that there had been alternative land-use planning, such as construction for leisure industry.From these facts, the following can be argued, that the inhabitants have intended to maintain the traditional mode of forest-use and ownership system, as ever, while the mode of urban land-use has invaded mountain villages. This is also supported by the fact that they have recognized the significance of forest management organization in conservation of the local living environment.
人文地理学会の論文

愛知県藤岡町における入会林野の再編成と機能変化

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