Rural deprivation 概念に関するノート : イギリスにおける農村の社会福祉問題に対する一政策概念
スポンサーリンク
概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
This paper offers a retrospective study of the rural deprivation debate which is used as a policy concept to deal with rural social welfare problems collectively in UK and to compare the idea of rural deprivation and that of kaso in Japan. The term rural deprivation emerged as a slogan for gaining additional regional policies by policy circles in rural areas that were motivated by the 1974 Rate Support Grant reform that favored the London metropolitan area.In the 1970s many studies concerning rural deprivation were presented. Most early studies applied multivariable analysis using social indicators. But these studies were criticized as insufficient to determine the real figures of rural deprivation owing to the lack of usable statistical data and offer inadequate analysis of subjective aspects of the inhabitants and their conditions. Afterwards, two intensive and large-scale household surveys were carried out. They were Deprivation in Rural Areas(DR) in the 1980s and Rural Lifestyles Project(RLP) in 90s. These surveys clarified the realities of deprivation problems in rural areas and had the effect of changing the public perception of rural problems.The causes of rural deprivation were theoretically explained with the help of two different models. Planning theory sees that the provision of opportunities in particular places leads to deprivation. Sociological theory sees that power relations within social structures bring about deprivation.The findings of DR and RLP showed the importance of social structures as causes of rural deprivation. Additionally, the Thatcher governments drastic reforms and the prevalence of idyllic view of rural areas in the 1980s greatly changed rural social structures and made deprivation problems within rural areas more severe. But the policy circles continued to cling to planning theory because of its convenience for policy appeal.We can admit many similarities in policy concepts between rural deprivation and kaso in the emerging process, logic and the stances of policy circles. We also find clear differences between them in the way they recognized the problem. The fundamental cause of rural deprivation is considered to lie in poverty, but that of kaso is not. Therefore, in the case of kaso, the impact of the shift from welfarism to New Right Policies or post-welfarism in the 1980s was much slighter than in the case of rural deprivation.
- 人文地理学会の論文