東京大都市圏における都心オフィス機能の郊外移転の要因と費用
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概要
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This study aims to explain why offices relocate from the central city of Tokyo to surrounding suburban areas and analyzes the costs associated with such relocations. The relocation of offices occurred as a reaction by companies to contemporary and predominant changes in socio-economic conditions, such as globalization, the growth in knowledge-based economies and the development of large office parks by local governments as a means of industrial restructuring. The drastic increase in rents for office buildings from the late 1980s is another major contributor to the office relocation movement.Given these negative conditions, companies decided to relocate their offices according to their individual needs and financial capacity. Accordingly, many firms began to move out of high-rise office locations like the CBD and the sub-business center of Tokyo. Many companies tried to strike a happy medium between convenience and affordability. Another important factor leading to the relocation of companies outside of Tokyo is the plan to integrate scattered offices from the CBD to construct a global-national information center based on a positive management strategy.The relocation process always entails drastic changes in operation costs. The change in costs can be categorized by: set up costs, transaction costs and location-specific factor efficiency costs. These costs are integral to an understanding of the relocation of offices, both in theory and in reality. Until now, based on the theory of agglomeration economies in the CBD, increasing transaction costs by relocating offices from the central city to suburban centers were considered to be an important barrier toward office decentralization.However, in this survey, we found that many businesses have little need to locate their offices in the CBD of the central city, as McCann has explained. The primary reason for this is that many of the companies located in the CBD have very little interaction with other firms in the area. Furthermore, transaction costs for the companies that relocate to suburban areas do net significantly increase.From these results, it is clear that office relocation was not just a temporary response to an increase in rent in the central City of Tokyo in the late 1980s, but was also a structural trend originating from specific management strategies.
- 人文地理学会の論文