農村に於ける石利用の一考察 : 温泉岳東麓の場合
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概要
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The actual circumstances of the utilization of the stone are to be studied here in this thesis, as a clue to understand peoples adaptability to nature in an agricultural village. At the east foot of Onsendake, a stone wall made of natural stones is a most remarkable landscade showing the utilization of the stone.(1) In the volcanic region extending to the south-eastern base of Onsendake, pyroxene-hornblende andesite, which is produced in the region, is used for building up stone walls of farm-houses and those in the cultivated fields.(2) The stone wall built around a country seat has already drawn attention as a specific feature of farm-houses in Kyushu District. Also in the region now in question, the original purpose of building a wall stone was “to fence round” a country seat, in other words, “to circumscribe”. As to the scale of these walls, they vary in height from two or three feet to ten feet or so. The height of them is regarded as a kind of index of evaluating the standing of farm-houses and the extent of wealth and poverty of farmers.(3) The stone wall of an outhouse is important for a cout and a place for vegetable and droppings manure heap. About ninety per cent of the outhouses in the region have a stone wall; and eighty per cent of these walls are built in the north-east of the outhouses. Thus, the situation of the former is largely decided by the aspect of the latter. The height of the walls is mostly six feet or so, like the stone wall of a hovel for compost.(4) The stone wall in a cultivated field is a landscape observed in Terrassenkultur. In the inclined cultivated lands of the region, however, stone walls are seen both in the paddy-fields and the farms. Especially, has been fully developed the stepping-stone wall in the paddy-fields which are filled with water during the season of cultivation. From the end of the fan-shaped land, extend along dissected valleys the areas where the density of the stone wall in a cultivated field is very thick. In the farms, too, people build stone walls at borderlands so long as there are stones.(5) Characteristics of the stone walls are well brought out in the style of their structure as well as well as in the condition and form of using the stone. Although the stone walls, generally built up on a trifling capital, and through the unflagging labour and crude technique of farmers, are rather of low-class, they may as well be called a cultural landscape brought forth by peoples abaptability to nature. It reveals a phase of economy of farmers that the stone walls have been much improved in recent times, as is seen in the stone wall of an outhouse, with large funds as farmers go and expert technics. This is a phenomeon no research workers in the particular field of the stone wall should overlook.
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