日本における中小織物業の地域的性格 : 特にその存立形態を中心として
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概要
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The minor textile industry belongs to the category of smaller enterprises and it is an industrial capital in charge of the weaving process which is the second processing stage of the fiber industry. The greater part of the minor textile industry of Japan is traced back to the rural domestic industry and the urban manual trade in the Edo era. It is, therefore, found in the old weaving regions and has developed centering around them.Generally the capital is small and, as is the characteristic of the minor enterprise, it is directly or indirectly subordinate to the monopolistic capital (huge yarn maker). Besides, from its characteristic of being an old industry, it retains in itself a marked degree of non-modernistic character and a great part of it is dependent upon the old and new commercial capital.But these characteristics of smallness, suboidination and non-modernism (feudalism) are not equally found in all the weaving districts, but each of them has its own regional characteristic.(1) Regions where petty enterprises are large in number and subordinate to the old commercial capital (e.g. merchant-like textile manufacturer, center commission agent, etc.) and have a deep tint of feudalism: Ex. cotton weaving regions-Kurume, Bingo (both producing cloth with splashed patterns), Oume (cloth for bed-cover), etc. silk and rayon weaving regions-Nishijin (high class cloth for clothing, & cloth for ‘obi’), Tango (‘chirimen’), many places of the Kanto Districts (cloth for the use of the masses), etc.(2) Regions where enterprises are on a larger scale than (1) and dependent upon the new commercial capital (textile firm, trading firm, etc.): Ex. cotten-weaving regions-Banshu (broad thread-dyed cloth), Enshu (broad processed cloth), etc. woolen weaving regions-Bisai (patterned cloth), silk and rayon weaving regions-Fukui, Ishikawa (broad rayon cloth with no pattern), etc.(3) Regions where enterprises are relatively large scale, being mostly subcontractors of spining companies: Ex. cotton weaving regions-Chita, Senshu (both producing white cotton cloth), etc.All the enterprises in these weaving districts, in the Edo era, usually manufactured cloth for clothing of single breadth, and were of the old domestic system subordinating to wholesale dealers. With new markets opened before them from 1920 to 1930, some of them, introducing broad cloth weaving doveloped into the new types (2) and (3). From me standpoint of manufacturing process to the broad cloth weaving, these regions were divided into two types: one being those which selected thread dyed and processed cloth, and another those which selected cloth with no pattern and white cloth.The first key to clarify the reginal characteristics of the tertile industry is the kind of cloth that is produced in each region of textile industry.
- 人文地理学会の論文