気候の意義と気候学の分野

概要

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1. In modern climatology, climate is defined by the synthesis of weather while in former times it was expressed by the combination of the climatic elements averaged for a long period. Two important reasons why the mean value does not represent the real state of climate are discussed. 2. Climatology is spatialy divided into four parts; macro-, meso-, local and microclimate. These extensions are considered to be limited horizontally and vertically by certain quantities closely connected with the special types of air flow as shown in the following table: Horizontal limit Vertical limit Air flow type Macroclimate >100Km up on tropopause Horizontal motion governed by Coriolis force Mesoclimate <100Km frictional height (Upper frictional layer) Nearly equal megnitude of frictional and Coriolis force Local climate<10Km 50-100m (Lower frictional layer) Coriolis force is negligible as compaired to surface friction Microclimate <100m ca 2m (Bottom layer) Laminar flow
社団法人東京地学協会の論文