Electron Microscopic Study of the Anencephalic Adenohypophysis with Reference to the Adrenocorticotrophs and Their Correlation with the Functional Differentiation of the Hypothalamus during the Foetal Life
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概要
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The anterior pituitaries of three anencephalic embryos were observed by light and electron microscope. Normal embryos during terminal and mid-foetal life were served as controls. Many degenerating cells appeared in the pituitaries of the anencephalic embryos. Despite a shrinkage, these cells retained numerous so-called a-granules (300-400mμ in diameter) in their cytoplasm. The cells may be related to the corticotrophs which are destined to involute after mid-foetal life in the hypothalamusless state. The profound degeneration of the acidiopils was closely related to the involution of the adrenal cortex of the anencephalic foetal. The thyroid showed advanced development in the anencephalic embryos. Electron microscopically, the polygonal or sometimes round cells containing small granules (100-200mμ) were often observed. These cells may be related to immature basophils, but gonadotrophs were not yet recognized. Basophils were not degenerated in the anencephalics. It was suggested from the present observations that ACTH might be secreted from the adenohypophyseal cells during the early half of foetal life even in the absence of hypothalamic stimulation, but thereafter its secretion might be reduced or cease in parallel with the atrophic change of the adrenocorticotrophs. On the contrary, TSH was produced through the entire course of gestation independently of lack of hypothalamic mediation. These facts may indicate that functional development of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis is established after mid-foetal life, whereas that of the other axes are done after birth.
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