クロロアルカンの化学

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It has recently been spoken that the exposure to vinyl chloride may cause both genetic damage and birth defect as well as increase in liver cancer. The destruction of the earths protective ozone layer by chlorofluorocarbons has become a heated topic in scientific and political circles.<BR>This review is designed primarily to obtain the information on the reactions of chloroalkanes which are somewhat troublesome as mentioned before. In order to understand better the effect of structure on reactivity and properties of chloroalkanes, the chemistry of chloroalkanes subdivided into chlorination, chlorine-sensitized photooxidation, dehydrochlorination and nucleophilic substitution.<BR>The reactivity of chloroalkane towards various reagents is affectcted by the electronic character of the attacking reagent and the substituent effect of substrate. The following reactions are facilitated by the electron-releasing substituent : chlorination, chlorine-sensitized photooxidation, catalytic dehydrochlorination on solid acid, solvolysis, Menschutkin reaction and pyrolysis in the gas phase. On the other hand, the rates of dehydrochlorination with alkali, co-pyrolysis with alcohols and reduction of chlorine atom with hydrosilanes or organotin hydrides are increased by the electron-withdrawing inductive effect of substituent.
社団法人有機合成化学協会の論文