技術革新に関する地域的計測 : 特許出願件数と研究・開発投資及び研究者数による
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概要
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Though technological innovation has remained a “black box” for economists [Schmookler, J. 1966], the knowledge and creativity should be added to the analysis of the economic development [Andersson, Ake, 1985].In this paper, to analyze thetechnological innovation, we focus ourselves to the following.(1) To analyze the relation between the R & D activities and the technological innovation, we investigate the relationship between the R & D activities and the patent pending number, which should be a measure of technological innovation, along the researches done by Schmookler, Griliches et al.(2) In order to study the spatial distribution of the technological innovation, we assume that the spatial distribution of the technological innovation should be explained by the gravity type model, a variable of which is the distance among the various kinds of agglomerations of the information centers or the research institutions.(3) We check the shift of the parameters of gravity model, which shows us the change of the influence of the spatial structure through the R & D activities for several years.As the technical innovation brings various types of change to the spatial structure such as the distribution of the industry, population and land use in the metropolitan areas, industrial structure of the metropolitan areas is changing dynamically according to the technical innovation.The regional distribution of R & D activities differs by each sector of the industry. In addition, nowadays R & D activities influence not only one sector but also the other sectors. In the sense, R & D activities, which are represented by the number of researchers or employees of the research institutes of the region, are a kind of public goods [Andersson, Ake 1985].In the context mentioned above, according to the changing structure of innovations in the metropolitan areas, we argue how this changing structure of the spatial distribution of the technical innovation influences the spatial distribution of the industry.
- 日本地域学会の論文