On the Freezing of Water.
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概要
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The freezing process of water in a glass dish was studied in low temperature room.<BR>(1) The crystallization velocity of ice perpendicular to the c-axis is much greater than that of parallel to it.<BR>(2) The surface ice originates from small discoidal germs, each of which rises up to the water surface immediately after formation, turning its plane horizontal. Consequently, the surface ice has usually its c-axis nearly vertical<BR>(3) The needle-like parts in surface ice are grown from inclined germs.<BR>(4). In the case of icicles and ice columns also, the c-axes are nearly perpendicular to the direction of growth. This is the result of a kind of selection effect, that only a few favorable crystals can grow sufficiently among those from randomly oriented nuclei.<BR>(5) When the degree of supercooling is high, it is supposed that new nuclei are continually generated during crystal growth.
- 社団法人 日本雪氷学会の論文