マウンテンゴリラと東ローランドゴリラの現状と保護
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概要
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Since Schaller conducted a extensive survey on the distribution of eastern (mountain and eastern lowland) gorillas in 1959-60, several surveys have been made to estimate their densities and ecological characteristics within their range. Mountain gorillas inhabiting the Virunga and the Bwindi forests have been well protected and the recent censuses show a slight increase in their populations. On the other hand, eastern lowland gorillas have been found in small isolated populations scattered in eastern Zaire. Some of their lowland habitats, such as Kasese, which gorillas are expected to survive in high density, are still outside the national parks. Gorillas in these habitats are regarded as pests of crops by local people and are menaced in danger of extinction.Distribution of eastern lowland gorillas are discontinuous even inside the national parks (Maiko and Kahuzi-Biega) and a new Reserve (Itombwe). A census conducted in 1990 suggests that gorillas have been concentrated in the wellprotected areas. Such change in their habitat-use has increased their density in small areas, may have stimulated female transfer between groups, and resulted in the prominent reduction in the size of groups. Increasing human disturbances have prevented gorillas from traveling between lowland and highland habitats.A civil war, which occured in Rwanda, broke all the conservation efforts made by the recent international cooperations. It produced three milion of refugee people, who rushed to neighboring countries. Since people who had been engaged in research and conservation of mountain gorillas in Rwanda evacuated to the other countries, gorillas are now in unsafe situations. Deforestation is increased by refugee people in Zaire. More international aids are urgently needed to save refugee people and to preserve natural environments in both Rwanda and Zaire.The future project of gorilla conservation must consider the inprovement of infrastructure with sustanable development of local people. To promote eco-tourism is one of the best way to adapt local development to the purpose of open-field museum. Reseach institutes will take a important role to enlarge the functions of national parks and to increase income from foreign countries, such as public information services, education or monitoring survey. Foreign institutions and researchers should cooperate with national parks and researchers in habitat countries to discuss the future plan for conservation.
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関連論文
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