Effects of chronic treatment with captopril (SQ 14,225), an orally active inhibitor of angiotensin I-converting enzyme, in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

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The effects of hydralazine (3 mg/kg) and the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril (SQ 14, 225) (100 mg/kg) on mean arterial blood pressure, plasma renin activity, urinary volume and urinary Na+, K+, and aldosterone concentrations were examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats of the Okamoto and Aoki strain (SHR) after oral daily dosing for 2 weeks, 3 or 6 months. Captopril caused progressive cumulative reductions in blood pressure resulting in normalization of pressure after 6 months of dosing. Hydralazine also significantly reduced blood pressure but not to the level of normotensive rats of the Wistar-Kyoto strain (WKY). Reductions in heart size paralleled the changes in blood pressure, normalization of cardiac hypertrophy occurring after captopril but not hydralazine. Plasma renin activity increased approximately 2-3 fold after hydralazine and 15-fold after captopril. Neither hydralazine nor captopril had any consistent effects on 24-hr urine volume, urinary Na+, K+ or aldosterone excretion. These results indicate that chronic inhibition of ACE with captopril induces normalization of blood pressure in SHR, a normal-renin model of hypertension.
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