鉤状嘴形水差土水器の出土分布 -前2千年紀の中央アナトリアを中心として-
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概要
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Beak-spouted jug is a typical form discovered only in the Central Anatolia from the 2nd millenium B. C. The number of the beak-spouted jug recognized until now, is not so many.According to the excavations which have been done until now in Anatolia, beak-spouted jug is found in Bogazköy, Alacahöyük, Kültepe, Eskiyapar, Inandik, Ferzant and Acemhöyük. These remains are located in the Central Anatolia, the area between Kizilirmak and Yesilirmak.The form of beak-spouted jug is possible to be classified into two types, one with a short neck, and the other with a long neck. I call the former A type, while the latter B type. The common points between the two types are to have the spout similar to the beak of rapacious bird, and to have well polished surface which reminds us of metal wares. The difference between the two lies in the sites of remains, the level and the condition in which beak-spouted jug has been found.The remains where A type has been found are Bogazköy and Kültepe. While B type has been discovered at Bogazköy, Inandik, Alacahöyük, Ferzant and Eskiyapar. A type is dated from the middle of the Assyrian colony period to the end of this period, while B type is dated from the end of the Assyrian colony to the collapse of the Hittite Empire. And some examples of A type have been found from shaft tombs in Karum, Kültepe, and B type from the temple of Büyükkale in Bogazköy and it seems to have been used as a libation. The conditions where A type and B type have been discovered tell us that beak-spouted jug seems to have been used as ceremonial objects. It is not quite clear how beak-spouted jug was used in the 2nd millenium B. C., but A type above-mentioned seems to be used for burial ceremony, while B type seems to be used for ritual ceremony, which probably has a connection with the weather god.In any way we can recognize that the form of beak-spouted jug in the 2nd millenium B. C. is characteristic only in the Central Anatolia, and that it was used as ritual objects.